{]]©w cNn¨v Ifnhnf¡n\p ap¶n F«p]Xnäm­pIÄ \ndªp\n¶ Hcp alm{]Xn` Imesamcp¡p¶ almbh\nI¡pÅn Xntcm[m\w sNbvXp. `mcXob \mSyIebpsS Pohn¡p¶ ZrjvSm´ambn, hnizam\h kwkvIrXnbpsS DZm¯ ss]XrI§fnsem¶mbn ]cnekn¡p¶ IqSnbm«¯nsâ {]tbmàmhpw {]NmcI\pw ]camNmcy\pambn, hnkvXrXamsbmcp klrZbtemI¯nsâ Bcm[y]pcpj\mbn \hXnbpw H¶pw XnI¨ A½¶qÀ am[hNmIymcpsS tZlhntbmKw IemtemI¯nt\ä I\¯ \jvSamsW¶Xn\p kwibanÃ. kpZoÀLamb PohnXImew apgph³ Item]mk\bv¡p am{Xambpgnªph¨v, cmjv{Sob kmaqlnI ]cnWXnIÄ IemtemI¯n\pfhm¡p¶ DbÀ¨Ifpw ]X\§fpw shÃphnfnIfpw A`napJoIcn¨v, hfÀ¨bn {`an¡msXbpw ]oU\§fn ASn]XdmsXbpw ØnX{]Ú kZriw \ne\n¶v, Kpcp\mY³ ]IÀt¶Inb A`n\bPzme sISmXncn¸m³ Icp¯pä ]p¯³Xeapdsb hmÀs¯Sp¯v, `mcXsa¼mSpsa¶Ã temIw apgph\pw \mSyIebpsS `mcXob kcWn A`nam\mÀlamwhn[w AhXcn¸n¨v, Ime¯nsâ IcWw adn¨nepIÄ ]pÑn¨p XÅnb IqSnbm«¯n\p hnizam\hnIXbpsS AwKoImcw t\Sns¡mSp¯v, `mcXs¯bpw hntijn¨p tIcfs¯bpw AhnkvacWobamb A`nam\Xe§fn sIms­¯n¨ B PohnXw ]ca[\yamsW¶Xn\p kwibanÃ.

kmaymhØbn \n¶mcw`n¨v {]£p_v[amb kwLÀj`qanIIfneqsS A\p{Iaw hnIkn¨v \mbtImZb ]qÀWamb kmaymhØbn `cXhmIyw sNmÃp¶ ck\njvTamb kwkvIrX\mSI§fpsS LS\mkmayw B \mSImNmcysâ PohnX¯n ImWm³ Ignbp¶Xv Hcp]t£ BIkvanIX am{Xambncn¡pIbnÃ. F«pw H³]Xpw ]¯pw \qäm­pIfn tIcfw hmW IpetiJc N{IhÀ¯namÀ IqSnbm«¯n\p t\Sns¡mSp¯ AwKoImchpw \ÂInb kwc£Whpw XoÀ¯pw AkvXan¨p Ignªn«nÃm¯ \ÃZn\§fnembncp¶p At±l¯nsâ Act§äw. 1917 sabv ]Xnaq¶n\p Ccn§me¡pSbn ]ctaizc³ \¼qXncnbpsSbpw {iotZhn Cï½bpsSbpw aI\mbn A½¶qÀ IpSpw_¯n P\n¨ am[hNmIymÀ¡v A¶v hbÊv ]Xns\mt¶ Bbn«p­mbncp¶pÅq. \mfpItfsd¡gnbpw ap¼v tIcf¡cbnep­mb amä§Ä c­p kl{km_vZ¯ntesd¸g¡apÅ Cu Iesb thtcmsS ]ngpsXdnbm³ t]m¶Xmbncp¶p. t{]mÕml\¯n\v

F¼mSp \n¶pw \o­ph¶ AhÚmic§fpw IfnImWm³ \nehnf¡nse PzmebÃmsX asäm¶pahtijn¡m¯ kmlNcy§fpw {]Xn^esa¶Xp acoNnIbpw am{Xamb ]e]Xnäm­pIfn IqSnbm«s¯ \ne\nÀ¯phm³ th­n \S¯nb bmX\m\nÀ`camb X]kybmbncp¶p. B PohnX \mSI¯nse hnaÀikÔn. \nÀhlWw AZv`pXck¯n Xs¶bmIWsa¶ \mSyimkv{XImc·mcpsS AZnkÔn kzPohnX bmYmÀYyam¡n amäm³ IgnªXv KpcpImcWh·mcpsS Ir]mISm£ambn At±l¯nsâ Bßmhv Ct¸mgpw IcpXp¶p­mIpw. IqSnbm«s¯ AwKoIcn¡phm\pw BZcn¡m\pw X¿mdmIp¶ Iem]camb Xncn¨dnhnsâ bpKw temIamIam\w DZbw sImÅp¶Xn Imcyamb ]¦phln¨v, AXpt\cnÂI­v, {]]©Zqcw kz´w Ic§Ä sIm­v Gäphm§n `mcX kwkvIrXn¡p kaÀ¸n¨Xn\p tijta B `cXmNmcy³ Acs§mgnªp-Åq.

t]mÌv tamtU-Wn-än-bp-sSbpw t]mÌv tamtU-Wn-k-¯n-tâ-Xp-amb Cu Ir{Xn-a-bp-K-¯n Gähpw IqSp-X hnä-gn-¡-s¸-Sp¶ I¨-h-S-¨-c-¡p-am-{X-amWp Ie. GXp I¨-h-S-¯n\pw CS-]m-sSm-cp-¡p¶ ]c-tkym-]-I-c-W-am-¡-s¸-Sp-¶-Xn-eq-sSbpw Ie Xs¶ I¨-hSw sN¿-s¸-Sp-¶p. t]cn\pw {]i-kvXn¡pw k¼-¯n\pw A[n-Im-c-¯n\pw th­n-bpÅ s\t«m-«-ambn Iem-{]-hÀ¯\w A[-¸-Xn-¡p-t¼mÄ AXn-sem¶pw s]SmsX Item-]m-k-\-bpsS alm-a-{´-ambn A½-¶qÀ adp-]p-d¯v Xe-bp-bÀ¯n \n¡p-¶p. Nn«-I-tfm-SpÅ AXym-Zcw B X]-ky-bpsS khn-ti-j-X-bm-Wv. Kpcp-\m-Y\pw kz´w A½m-h-\p-amb A½-¶qÀ Nm¨p NmIym-cn \n¶pw A½-¶qÀ henb am[-h-Nm-Iym-cn \n¶pw aät\Iw BNm-cy-·m-cn \n¶pw e`n-¨Xpw \mSy-imkv{Xw, Zi-cq-]Iw apX-emb {KÙ-§-fpsS A[y-b-\m-`ym-k-§-fn-eqsS ]cn-t]m-jn-¸n-¨-Xp-amWv B Nn«-IÄ. Ah hnkva-cn¨p kZ-Ênsâ hnIm-c-X-cw-K-§Äs¡m¸-sam-gpIn ssI¿Sn t\Sm³ {ian-¡p¶ A`n-t\-Xm-hns\ A½-¶q-cn Is­-¯pI km[y-a-Ã. Nn«-IÄ Nn«-IÄ¡p th­n am{X-aà ck-]qÀW-amb A`n-\-b-¯n\p th­n-bm-sW¶pw Nn«-IÄ¡p {]amWw temIw Xs¶-bm-sW¶pw temI-kz-`m-hs¯ A`n-t\-Xm-¡Ä \¶m-b-dnªp {]tbm-Kn¨psImÅ-W-sa¶pw BZyw ]d-ªp-h-¨Xv `c-X-ap-\n-bm-Wv. AXpÄs¡m­v Ac-§¯pw AWn-b-d-bnepw If-cn-bnepw {]hÀ¯n¨ At±-l-¯nsâ k]cy temI-sa-¼mSpw Bkzm-ZI kl-{k-§sf t\Sn-sb-Sp-¯-Xn AÛp-X-s¸-Sm-\n-Ã. IqSn-bm-«-¯nsâ hnip²n ]qÀW-ambpw \ne-\nÀ¯n-s¡m­p Xs¶ At±lw AXns\ BÀ¡pw A`n-K-ay-am¡n At±lw Ac-s§-s¯¯n¨ IYm-]m-{X-§Ä C¶pw t{]£-I-cpsS at\m-ap-Ip-c-§-fn sXfnªp \n¡p-¶p. tXmc-W-bp-²-¯nse cmh-W\pw _men-h-[-¯nse _menbpw kp`-{Zm-[-\-RvP-b-¯nse AÀPp-\\pw ]pcp-jmÀY-¡q-¯nse hn`q-j-I\pw C\n Hcn-¡epw Hfn-a-§pI km[y-a-Ã. ssIem-tkm-²m-c-Whpw ]mÀhXo hnc-l-hp-saÃmw A\-iz-c-am-¡n-¯oÀ¯ B A`n-\-b-N-{I-hÀ¯n BÝ-cy-Nq-Um-a-Wn-bnse ]ÀW-im-em-¦-¯n\pw ambm-ko-Xm-¦-¯n\pw Aán-{]-th-im-¦-¯n\pw X¿m-dm-¡nb B«-{]-Im-chpw {Ia-Zo-]n-Ibpw `mc-Xob \mSy-I-em-im-kv{X-im-J-bpsS hne-a-Xn-¡m-\m-hm¯ apX¡q-«p-I-fm-Wv. A½-¶qÀ Kpcp-Ip-e-¯nepw amÀKn-bnepw At±lw sImfp-¯n-h¨ \nd-Zo-]-§Ä hcm-\n-cn-¡p¶ kl-{km-_vZ-§-fnepw \mSy-{]-Imiw sNmcn-bm³ Icp-¯p-ä-Xm-Wv. AXv A§s\ Xs¶ BIs« F¶p klr-Z-b-cmb \ap¡p {]mÀYn-¡mw.